Carburetor engine power supply system: 1 – fine fuel filter; 2 – fuel supply hose to the fuel pump; 3 – fuel pump; 4 – heated air intake; 5 – check valve; b – fuel drain hose from the carburetor; 7 – cold air intake; 8 – thermostat; 9 – air filter assembly; 10 – carburetor; 11 – fuel drain pipe; 12 – fuel supply pipe from the tank; 13 – fuel tank; 14 – flange of the fuel level sensor and fuel intake tube; 15 – separator hose; 16 – filling pipe hose; 17 – filling pipe; 18 – fuel tank plug; 19 – separator; 20 – two-way valve hose; 21 - two-way valve
The fuel supply is located in the tank located under the bottom in the rear seat area. The tank is made of steel and consists of two stamped parts welded together. The tank is connected through a drain hose to a separator that captures gasoline vapors. The condensate from the separator is drained back into the tank. The separator communicates with the atmosphere through a two-way valve that prevents excessive increase or decrease in pressure in the fuel tank. The filler neck is connected to the tank with a gas-resistant rubber hose secured with clamps. The plug is sealed. Through a fuel intake with a mesh filter, gasoline is supplied from the tank through steel fuel lines and rubber gas-resistant hoses to a fine fuel filter, a fuel pump and then to the carburetor. Gasoline is sucked from the tank due to the vacuum created by the gasoline pump.
Fine filter - with a paper filter element in a plastic housing, non-separable design. There is an arrow on the filter housing that must coincide with the direction of fuel movement.
The fuel pump is a diaphragm type, mechanically driven by the camshaft eccentric, with a manual pumping lever. It consists of a lower housing with drive levers, an upper housing with valves and pipes, a diaphragm assembly and a cover. The diaphragm assembly is installed between the upper and lower housings. Two diaphragms (working) are installed on top, and one (safety) on the bottom: it prevents gasoline from entering the engine crankcase when the working diaphragms rupture. In this case, leaked gasoline is discharged through holes in the external spacer located between the safety and working diaphragms. The diaphragms, together with the internal spacer and plates (from the outside), are assembled on the rod and secured with a nut. The rod is inserted into the cavity of the balancer using a T-shaped shank. A spring is installed between the diaphragm assembly and the lower housing. The upper housing is closed with a lid secured with a bolt. Underneath there is a mesh fuel filter.
The pump is attached to the engine with two studs through a heat-insulating spacer, sealed on both sides with cardboard gaskets. Part of the gasoline supplied to the carburetor is drained back into the tank through a system of pipelines and hoses - this improves pump cooling and prevents the formation of vapor locks in the power system. The drain line has a check valve that allows fuel to flow in only one direction - from the carburetor to the tank.
The air filter housing can receive cold air through an intake near the radiator or hot air from an intake mounted on the exhaust manifold. The flow is switched by a damper controlled by a thermostat. The built-in thermal power element opens the hot air damper when the incoming air temperature is below 25 °C and completely closes it if the air is heated above 35 °C. Thus, the temperature of the incoming air is automatically maintained within 25-35 °C. The air filter is dry, with a replaceable paper filter element. The filter housing is mounted on the carburetor studs through a rubber gasket and secured with four self-locking nuts through a metal plate.
Fuel supply diagram for an engine with a fuel injection system: 1 – injectors; 2 – fitting plug for monitoring fuel pressure; 3 – injector ramp; 4 – bracket for fastening fuel pipes; 5 – fuel pressure regulator; 6 – adsorber with solenoid valve; 7 – hose for suction of gasoline vapors from the adsorber; 8 – throttle assembly; 9 – two-way valve; 10 – gravity valve; 11 – safety valve; 12 – separator; 13 – separator hose; 14 – fuel tank plug; 15 – filling pipe; 16 – filling pipe hose; 17 – fuel filter; 18 – fuel tank; 19 – electric fuel pump; 20 – fuel drain line; 21 – fuel supply line
Fuel is supplied from a tank installed under the bottom in the rear seat area. The fuel tank is made of steel and consists of two stamped halves welded together. The filler neck is connected to the tank with a gas-resistant rubber hose secured with clamps. The plug is sealed.
The fuel pump is electric, submersible, rotary, installed in the fuel tank. The developed pressure is at least 3 bar (300 kPa). The fuel pump is turned on at the command of the injection system controller (with the ignition on) through a relay. To access the electrical connector of the pump, there is a hatch under the rear seat in the bottom of the car. From the pump, fuel under pressure is supplied through a flexible hose to the fine filter and then through steel fuel lines and rubber hoses to the fuel rail. The fine fuel filter is non-separable, in a steel housing, with a paper filter element. There is an arrow on the filter housing that must coincide with the direction of fuel movement. The fuel rail serves to supply fuel to the injectors and is mounted on the intake manifold. On one side there is a fitting for monitoring the fuel pressure, on the other there is a pressure regulator. The latter changes the pressure in the fuel rail - from 2.8 to 3.2 bar (280-320 kPa) - depending on the vacuum in the receiver, maintaining a constant difference between them. This is necessary for accurate dosing of fuel by injectors.
The fuel pressure regulator is a fuel valve connected to a spring-loaded diaphragm. The valve is closed under the action of the spring. The diaphragm divides the regulator cavity into two isolated chambers - “fuel” and “air”. The “air” is connected by a vacuum hose to the receiver, and the “fuel” is connected directly to the ramp cavity. When the engine is running, the vacuum, overcoming the resistance of the spring, tends to retract the diaphragm, opening the valve. On the other hand, fuel presses on the diaphragm, also compressing the spring. As a result, the valve opens and part of the fuel is released through the drain pipe back into the tank. When you press the gas pedal, the vacuum behind the throttle valve decreases, the diaphragm, under the action of a spring, closes the valve - the fuel pressure increases. If the throttle valve is closed, the vacuum behind it is maximum, the diaphragm pulls the valve harder - the fuel pressure decreases. The pressure drop is determined by the spring stiffness and the size of the valve opening; cannot be adjusted. The pressure regulator is non-separable; if it fails, it is replaced.
VAZ-2109 injector
There are rumors on the Internet that the VAZ 2109 injector has long ceased to be popular among car owners. Anyone who wants to exchange a domestic car for a foreign car is mistaken.
For the same money they will buy a beautiful firebird, under whose plumage there will be a decrepit, senile body, like that of a courier during the Kaiser’s reign. Yes, the VAZ has its drawbacks, but it also has quite a few advantages: if you buy even a used car from one owner and with low mileage, then the engine will almost always please you, the electronics will not seem stupid, so you can close your eyes to the rest .
Just don’t wave your hands now and say that domestic g... doesn’t sink in water. The interior is not a gift, but its explosiveness is fully justified by the material from which the body is made. This is not a piece of plastic covered with foil. Perhaps tuning the interior will help you.
The car is not wasted on trifles: if the problem is in the pads, then it will remain there. It happens that the panel goes out right on the road, but the problem is quickly eliminated, the stove fails, but you can find an approach to it with skillful tuning. There is a desire to change it to a more advanced tenth model - the problem will quickly be solved. You can sell a 2109 injector quite quickly, whereas a foreign car takes months to wait for a buyer.
And no need to say that you ride on the toilet. Even a Volkswagen with 25 years of life would not allow itself to be called that. And you! Oh, I wish I could take our nine-wheeler for a ride to Moscow! After that, you can erect a monument to her and become a pedestrian, and hang a photo with your iron friend in a frame on the wall.
It’s not for nothing that they say that the VAZ is a cheap car. For citizens of Russia and post-Soviet countries there will be no problems with spare parts for a long time. Do you want to do the renovation yourself? There is a lot of information in stores and on the Internet. Try to dig up so much material for a Korean car. You would rather love the domestic auto industry than a prince from far away, rusting right under your windows.
He doesn’t want to, my dear, it starts, there are no spare parts in the workshops, you have to wait for months until they bring it. But for our cars there is always a green light. Chairs in the evening – money in the morning! The VAZ is not as bad as it might seem at first, although it requires some fine-tuning. Do you still want to try a foreign car in action? Then buy at least an unfucked version, at least ride for pleasure until breakdowns lead to a nervous breakdown.
Purpose, design and basic operating principle of the VAZ-2109 power system
Purpose, design and technical characteristics of the VAZ-2109 power system (definitions and main parameters)
The power supply system is designed to supply fuel to the vehicle engine, as well as to store and clean it.
The fuel tank is designed to store the supply of fuel necessary to operate the engine. The fuel tank in a passenger car is usually located in the rear on the underbody. The capacity of the fuel tank provides an average range of 500 km for a particular vehicle. The fuel tank is isolated from the atmosphere.
The fuel pump supplies fuel to the injection system and maintains operating pressure in the fuel system. The fuel pump is installed in the fuel tank and is electrically driven. If necessary, an additional (boost) pump is used (not to be confused with the high-pressure fuel pump of the injection system of diesel engines and direct injection systems).
A fuel gauge sensor is installed in the fuel tank along with the pump. The sensor design includes a float and a potentiometer. Moving the float when the fuel level in the tank changes causes the position of the potentiometer to change. This, in turn, leads to an increase in resistance in the circuit and a decrease in voltage at the fuel gauge.
VAZ 2109 engine injector: control system diagnostics
Before touching upon general issues of diagnosing the control system, it is worth getting acquainted with the controller lamp
If a malfunction occurs while driving the car, the controller will detect it and notify the driver using “CHECK ENGINE”, while storing in its memory the necessary codes about the nature of the malfunction. With their help, the process of diagnosis and subsequent repair of the fuel injection system will be facilitated. It is the controller that is able to coordinate the operation of VAZ sensors and systems that are part of the general composition of all fuel injection units.
A few words about the DST-2M digital tester.
It is used to diagnose the engine injection control system. It is worth remembering that only a competent specialist can make the correct diagnosis. No matter how much an inexperienced mechanic strives to automate the process of diagnosing a car, having the necessary tools, he will not succeed without certain skills, which can in some cases aggravate an already difficult situation.
Diagnostics includes the following steps:
- checking the fuel supply system, the operability of all sensors, actuators and the ignition system;
- reading fault codes;
- compression measurement;
- data monitoring of the entire control system.
Once the injector has been diagnosed, the entire range of necessary services becomes clear if it is associated with a failed electronic system responsible for the performance of the engine.
Purpose and place of fuel hoses in VAZ cars
The fuel system of any car consists of a relatively small number of components - a tank, filters, a pump, a carburetor (in classic carburetor engines) or a fuel rail with injectors (in injection engines), etc. All these components are connected by a network of pipelines through which fuel circulates. In this case, pipelines consist of two parts - metal tubes and rubber hoses.
The combined design of pipelines is used for a reason. The fact is that individual parts of the car and components of the fuel system, although they are fixed in strictly defined places, still do not have an absolutely rigid fixation. While the car is moving, parts, especially those located on the engine (carburetor or ramp with injectors), move relative to each other, so they cannot be rigidly connected with metal tubes. Elastic rubber hoses come to the rescue, ensuring uninterrupted fuel supply regardless of the position of the fuel system components.
If we talk about fuel hoses in general, they perform several main functions:
Thus, fuel hoses play an important role in the performance of a vehicle. This fully applies to all cars of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant, the hoses of which will be discussed in more detail.
VAZ 2109 injector controller
The controller receives the necessary information from the sensors, then makes calculations: based on them, it independently issues commands to the actuators. This device is quite reliable. One problem: it is afraid of large surges in on-board voltage. This can happen when the generator malfunctions or the starter sticks while the engine is running; sometimes the process of “lighting” another car or the use of a low-quality starting charger is to blame.
As soon as malfunctions occur, the controller immediately detects them, notifies the driver with the above-mentioned lamp, and stores the codes. Under his control, the injectors try to work smoothly, as does the ignition system.
The injectors turn on in pairs, but this depends on the type of controller itself. An interesting fact is that pairs of injectors tend to turn on alternately, approximately 180° from the crankshaft rotation. This is called double synchronous injection, but sequential operation is possible. An idle spark is provided for the system: 16-valve engines are an exception. They are already equipped with personal ignition coils for each spark plug.
This process occurs as follows: high-voltage pulses are applied to a specific pair, and the formation of a working spark occurs in the cylinder on the compression stroke and on the exhaust stroke. Otherwise, an idle spark will form. In this case, a small amount of energy is required for the cylinder during the exhaust stroke, and the rest of it is used during the compression stroke. This is how the process of ensuring normal sparking and unhindered ignition of the fuel mixture occurs. The whole process can be repeated if the cylinders decide to switch roles unexpectedly.
The controller controls not only the fuel supply, but also the energy accumulation time and ignition timing. This concerns the crankshaft rotation speed in idle mode, the uninterrupted operation of the electric fuel pump, the tachometer and the warning lamp, which is located on the VAZ instrument panel, the cooling system, and the cabin air conditioning compressor clutch. The device generates certain speed signals to the trip computer, regulates fuel consumption, and maintains the required stereochemical ratio (gasoline-air as 1:14.7).
Types and design of VAZ fuel hoses
All fuel hoses used on VAZ cars can be divided into two groups according to applicability:
Hoses of the first type are used in all VAZ Classic cars (2101 - 2107), as well as on some later ones (2108, 2109, early modifications of the Lada-110 family). These are ordinary reinforced rubber hoses that do not have special fasteners; they are fixed to the fittings using clamps. All hoses used in these cars are the same, differing only in length (from 400 to 1000 mm).
Hoses of the second type are installed on some early (21099, 2113 - 2115) and all current VAZ models, starting with Lada Kalina. These hoses come in a variety of designs, applicability and mounting types.
According to their purpose, fuel hoses for injection engines are divided into the following types:
Structurally, hoses are divided into three large categories:
As already mentioned, hoses of the first type are a traditional solution used on classic VAZ models. They are attached to fuel system parts and pipelines using clamps (or wire loops).
Hoses of the second type have a connector of one design or another at both ends. There are two main types of fasteners currently in use:
Today, in VAZ cars, hoses with “Nut” type fasteners at both ends are used, as well as with “Nut” type fasteners at one end and with quick-release fasteners at the other end.
Quick-release fittings, in turn, come in two types:
A hose with a metal tube differs from the others in that on one side, instead of a fitting, a metal pipeline of one or another length and shape is fixed. Such hoses are most often used to connect the filter and in the drain line on the fuel tank side.
Some fuel hoses of VAZ cars are located in such a way that they come into contact with various body parts, brackets and other components. To ensure that such hoses do not fail over time due to wear, their shells have additional protection - plastic corrugations, thick rubber tubes or thread braiding. Hoses that do not come into contact with other parts during operation do not have additional protection.
In general, VAZ fuel hoses are simple in design and reliable, however, they also periodically require attention, maintenance or repair.
VAZ 2109 injector does not start
Problem: the car worked fine all day and drove dozens of kilometers around the city. I stood in the garage resting for several hours. The owner decided to go out again on business, but could not start it. It seemed like something was catching, but then it died out. I had to unscrew the candles, which were thoroughly wet, and put the ones I had just bought in their place. And again a bummer! I had to check the timing belt: it turned out to be normal, I removed the battery and examined it for a failure. I checked the fuel pump: it is also ok. There is a return line, there is fuel too, but the car just doesn’t want to start.
Questions regarding maintenance and replacement of fuel hoses
Fuel hoses are constantly exposed to aggressive environments (gasoline from the inside, oils, exhaust gases and high temperatures outside), so over time they lose their strength characteristics. In order not to miss the moment to replace the hoses, they should be periodically inspected, monitored for the appearance of cracks or kinks, as well as leaks at the attachment points. Particular attention should be paid to the places where the hose comes into contact with other parts, at bends and at the places where the fittings are attached. If any problems arise - be it cracks or small leaks - the hose must be replaced as soon as possible.
