The VAZ 2114 has an injection engine with a volume of 1.5 and 1.6 liters. Such engines are equipped with a large number of sensors, as well as electronic fuel supply under pressure. Quite often it happens that a breakdown occurs in a car and fuel stops flowing to the engine, thereby preventing it from starting. It is quite difficult to find the cause of a fuel pump failure on your own, but after studying our article, you can easily determine the culprit of the breakdown and solve the problem as soon as possible.
In this article we will talk about the breakdown of the fuel pump on a VAZ 2114, namely why this part stopped pumping fuel.
Design and principle of operation of the fuel pump
In order to find the cause of the breakdown, you must first know the design and operating principle of the fuel pump.
Design
The gasoline pump is made of many parts and resembles an electric DC motor. Its body is made of plastic and metal; inside the body there is a magnet and a rotor, on the shaft of which an impeller is mounted on one side, and a current collector on the other. The fuel pump itself is a brushed motor, which greatly reduces its reliability; many modern cars (foreign cars) have already switched to brushless electric pumps.
One of the important elements of the pump is the check valve, which maintains the built-up pressure in the system and does not allow it to flow back into the tank through the valve.
Principle of operation
When voltage appears on the fuel pump block, it begins to rotate, the impeller pumps fuel into the system, as soon as it reaches the required amount, the fuel pump valve closes, thereby closing the path to the outflow of fuel back into the tank. After which you can start the engine. You can clearly hear the operation of the fuel pump by turning on the ignition and listening to its operation. The fuel pump will make a characteristic squeak and stop after a few seconds - this will mean that the pressure has been pumped into the system.
Relay
Relay
In the same place as the fixed mass of the fuel pump, under the dashboard, its relay is located.
Ideally, when ignited, the relay creates the required pressure in the system in a couple of moments and turns off. If this does not happen, the pressure is normal, but the process does not proceed, we completely lift the front facing panel that covers the contacts of the music and air conditioner and look from the passenger side: there are three switches, the lowest one is from the fuel pump. When you turn the key, the relay makes a characteristic click and works. If there is no click, the relay or its contacts are closed.
As they say, there is no need to waste time on trifles, if the motor terminals can be reanimated, then it is better to replace the relay and its contacts. The pleasure is inexpensive, the location for replacing spare parts is very convenient.
Fuel pump system
The fuel pump itself does not work; it is part of a special station, the so-called “fuel pump cup”. This part is a bracket for mounting the fuel pump in the tank. Also, a special coarse fuel filter is put on the fuel pump, which allows you to keep the fuel pump from dirt getting into it. A fuel level sensor and a fuel pressure regulator are installed on the glass. Together, all these parts form the fuel pump station, or popularly the “glass”.
The structure of the VAZ 2114 fuel system
The fuel system of the VAZ 2114 car consists of:
- fuel module;
- fuel lines;
- injector ramps;
- fuel injectors;
- fuel filter;
- fuel control systems.
The fuel module consists of the following elements:
- fuel pump;
- fuel level sensor;
- float;
- primary fuel filter meshes.
The filter mesh located on the suction pipe of the fuel pump has a fine-mesh structure, which allows it to trap contaminant particles that can damage the structural elements of the part. A fine fuel filter housing is additionally built into the gas pipeline system.
As a rule, the design of a fine fuel filter uses a material capable of retaining on its surface the smallest particles suspended in the fuel. The injector of a modern VAZ car is a fairly reliable device that provides control over the systems responsible for ensuring the smooth operation of the car engine.
The injector of a VAZ 2114 car, in addition to elements of the fuel supply system, includes an electronic control unit, as well as a large number of sensors that transmit information about the state of the car to the control unit and allow you to control the operation of the power plant.
Symptoms of a problem
There are many signs of a fuel pump malfunction and they are all similar to each other, and they can also be confused with breakdowns in other elements of the fuel system, such as injectors, filters, RTDs, etc. Signs of malfunction in fuel system elements are always similar, but the fuel pump has its own factor that can clearly indicate its malfunction - the sound of its operation.
Any pump, even the highest quality and new, should make a sound when operating. If there is no sound, then something is definitely wrong with the pump.
Possible symptoms of failure:
- Loss of vehicle dynamics;
- Difficulty starting the engine (the starter turns for a long time);
- The car stalls when you press the gas pedal;
All these problems can be caused by other fuel cells. For example, clogged injectors can also affect poor starting and loss of vehicle dynamics.
Malfunctions of fuel pumps of the VAZ family
The VAZ-2106 vehicle is equipped with a mechanical fuel pumping element driven by the intermediate shaft of auxiliary units with the possibility of manual pumping.
Like any other mechanism, it is subject to wear, malfunctions and failures.
The following symptoms of a malfunction of the VAZ-2106 fuel pump are identified:
- low pressure in the fuel line;
- Gasoline leak due to seal failure;
- the car loses power and dynamic characteristics;
- the car stalls;
- There are jerks during operation, accompanied by extraneous sounds.
Malfunctions are eliminated by searching for damaged parts (for example, diaphragm) and replacing them in a timely manner.
The VAZ-2110 is supplied with a carburetor and injection engine, respectively, equipped with a mechanical and electric pump. The mechanical elements of the VAZ-2106 and VAZ-2110 cars are similar in operating principles and breakdowns.
Signs of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 fuel pump with an injection engine are as follows:
- when turning the ignition key, there is no audibility of the fuel pump;
- the car does not start;
- significant loss of power as a result of pressure in the fuel line below normal;
- engine troits;
- The “check” light is on on the instrument panel.
This is due to clogging of the filter elements of the main line and the fuel pump cleaner or failure of the electronic sensors. The symptoms of a malfunction of the VAZ-2114 fuel pump are identical, since the same electric pumps are installed on injection models, starting with the VAZ-2108.
To troubleshoot problems, replace fine and coarse fuel filters and a faulty pressure regulator. In case of fuel leakage, find a breakdown, replace the pipes or their seals. From this it can be seen that the signs of a malfunction of the fuel pump 2114 do not differ from those found in the VAZ-2110. All Lada-Samara models have the same symptoms.
Checking the fuel pump
To check the fuel pump, you need to measure the fuel pressure in the fuel rail and check the pump itself for pressure “into the wall”.
To check the fuel pressure, you need a special device, a fuel pressure gauge; you can also use a regular pressure gauge with a hose, connecting it to the ramp through clamps.
- On a car with a 1.5-liter engine, the pressure in the fuel rail should be: 2.7-3.4 bar;
- On a car with a 1.6-liter engine, the pressure in the fuel rail should be: 3.5-4.0 bar;
Then the pressure of the fuel pump is checked, which it presses into the wall; for this it must be dismantled (on 1.5-liter engines you can simply clamp the return line). In this way, the power of the pump is checked when checking the pressure “into the wall”; a good pump presses pressure up to 8 bar.
Pressure system
The gasoline pump creates pressure in the fuel rail for normal gasoline supply functionality. Let's measure the pressure and we'll understand a lot right away.
Normal parameters of atmospheres in the system are as follows:
- Idle – 2.5
- Ignition – from 3
- Without pressure regulator tube – 3.3
- With pinched drain – 7
- We press on the gas - from 3 to 2.5.
We will measure in these five states with a pressure gauge with a small range of atmospheres (up to 7, to reduce the error to a minimum). Under the hood we found a pressure fitting (just unscrew the cap in advance), attached a pressure gauge (hose) to the fitting and off we went. The ignition is turned on, the pressure gauge is zero: the fuel pressure regulator is broken. We press on the gas, the pressure gauge goes to zero: the fuel pump itself is broken (now you can do some shopping at a spare parts store). There may still be a situation. When the pressure gauge needle lazily rises, look at the condition of the fuel filter.
By the way, if you don’t have a pressure gauge, it’s sad and sad, because it’s an expensive pleasure. Similar diagnostics in the service will cost half as much.
Why doesn't the fuel pump pump?
If the fuel pump has stopped pumping fuel pressure, then starting the car is out of the question.
Possible reasons:
- The fuel pump fuse has blown;
- The fuel pump relay burned out;
- The fuel pump burned out;
These three reasons are the main reasons why the fuel pump on a VAZ 2114 stops pumping fuel.
Finding the reason
The first thing you need to do is make sure there is voltage at the fuel pump, and it can go out for several reasons: a blown fuse or relay, burnt-out wiring.
Inspect the fuel pump fuse for integrity. It is located under the center console at the feet of the front passenger. It is necessary to remove the decorative cover of the leg air duct; there you can find three fuses and three relays. All of them must be intact.
You can check the relay using a multimeter by setting the switch to continuity, connect the probes to the relay coil, it should show some resistance. If the multimeter shows an open circuit, then the relay is faulty and requires replacement.
If the whole thing is most likely burned out, the fuel pump must be dismantled to do this.
Signs of a faulty fuel pump VAZ 2114 injector
Signs of a faulty fuel pump.
The main function of a fuel pump is to pump fuel from the fuel tank to the engine. The pump reducer maintains a certain pressure at which this process occurs. Some vehicles are equipped with two fuel pumps: one in the gas tank, the second on the fuel rail. The first pumps fuel from the tank into the supply line, the second maintains constant pressure inside it, necessary for the operation of the fuel injectors. The gas pump must pump a certain volume of fuel and at the same time maintain a sufficiently high pressure in the power system. A malfunction of the fuel pump leads to serious consequences: the engine fails to operate and start stably, the engine may stall and not start for no apparent reason.
Fuel pumps are divided into electric and mechanical. Electric operation is ensured by an electric motor with a mini-pump. The mechanical type works due to the reciprocating movement of the lever. This type of fuel pump is becoming increasingly rare
Almost all modern cars are equipped with electric fuel pumps. Therefore, in this article we will talk about malfunctions of electric fuel pumps.
The principle of operation and design of the fuel pump.
The electric fuel pump starts working when the ignition is turned on. The uninterrupted supply of fuel to the combustion chamber depends on the correct pressure in the fuel rail. When the ignition is turned off, the pressure drops and excess fuel is released back into the tank through the bypass valve.
The electric fuel pump of most passenger cars is located in the tank. This is a small plastic cylinder with a remote float. It is immersed in the thickness of gasoline, which is used to cool it during operation.
According to the principle of operation, electric fuel pumps are divided into three types - rotary roller, gear and centrifugal (turbine). The latter are the most common; fuel is supplied to them by an impeller with a large number of blades placed in a special chamber. When the impeller rotates, turbulence occurs, sucking in gasoline and compressing it, thus creating pressure in the fuel line.
Signs of a faulty fuel pump.
Please note that these symptoms are also possible with other engine malfunctions. But these are “bells”, after which you need to pay attention to the fuel pump.
- The engine does not start. The sound of the pump is not heard when the ignition is turned on or the starter is running. There is no pressure in the fuel line, or it is extremely low. Rotation of the starter with dry spark plugs does not cause flashes in the cylinders.
- The engine does not start, although occasional flashes occur in the cylinders. There is pressure in the fuel line, but without a pressure gauge its value cannot be determined. The candles are dry.
- The engine starts and idles normally. However, pressing the accelerator causes the engine to stop running. It is possible to raise the speed to medium, but when you try to start, the engine stalls. There is a black coating on the candles. The fuel pump operates with a varying sound.
- Loss of power. The engine starts, holds idle speed normally, and picks it up easily at neutral speed. When driving at medium and high speeds, a “twitching” is observed. Also, with this malfunction, there may be cases when, after a certain mark on the tachometer, the speed does not pick up, and the engine stops producing the required power under load. At the same time, the spark plugs are white, and by their appearance it seems that the car is ignited too early or has a lean mixture.
- Noise when the car is running. Squeaking, squeaking, humming - this may indicate mechanical damage to the fuel pump. Or about severe contamination of the filter mesh.
