During operation, the owners of the domestic Lada Kalina model identified a transmission flaw; reverse gear does not engage. There are several reasons that cause a malfunction of this nature. A modern car is stuffed with electronic devices, one of which can also serve as the initiator of this breakdown.
In our article we will try to touch in detail on the problem when the reverse gear in the transmission unit does not engage. Let's consider the reasons that cause this malfunction, as well as methods that allow you to independently find and eliminate the unpleasant defect.
Is there no way to engage reverse? What are the reasons?
- At the very beginning, you should not rush and frantically dismantle and disassemble such a complex unit as a gearbox if the reverse gear does not engage. You should take a closer look at the shift lever; perhaps the reason is hidden there. The link paired with the cardan in the switching mechanism are quite often the culprits of such a breakdown. There is no way to do without a viewing hole here.
- Among the probable reasons when the reverse speed does not work may be a failed release bearing. However, such a development of events would inevitably lead to the inability to normally engage any gear, and the process itself would be determined by the presence of crunches and difficulties.
- Also, when the reverse gear does not work, the reverse gear locking mechanism on the Lada Kalina may break down. To determine whether there is a malfunction, you will need to remove the shift lever handle and visually inspect this unit.
- There are frequent cases of damage to the wiring that is connected to the solenoids of the reverse stage locking unit. Let's talk about this moment next.
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On Lada Kalina cars there is an insidious reason that leads to the inability to engage reverse gear. It is interesting that this reason is purely electrical and has nothing to do with mechanics.
Reverse gear on Kalina is engaged by moving the gearshift lever towards you and forward. In this case, you need to lift the plastic ring on the lever. This ring protects the driver from accidentally engaging reverse gear instead of first gear, as often happens on “tens”. This is done using an electric drive - a solenoid.
The solenoid is installed in the transmission and blocks reverse gear from being engaged until the ring on the gear shift lever is lifted. When raised, the reed switch (sealed magnetic switch) in the lever is activated, connects the solenoid power circuit to ground, the solenoid rod is recessed, and the stroke of the gear selection mechanism increases - you can engage the reverse gear.
We will not talk about the advantages and disadvantages of this system. There are two camps of “Kalinovodov”, who are both “for” and “against”. Here we will look at the reasons why problems with electrical locking may arise.
Lockout fuse blown
As always with electrical breakdowns, the first thing we look at is the fuse. Fuse F21, rated 10 A, is responsible for the operation of the reverse locking system in Kalina. It is installed in the main mounting block. If the fuse is intact, then move on to the gear lever. If the fuse jumper is broken, replace it with a new one and see what happens. We try to engage reverse gear. If the fuse blows again, it indicates that there is a short circuit in the solenoid power supply circuit. By
Dismantling and repairing the locking mechanism
About theory.
The solenoid power circuit in the Lada Kalina car includes a switch ring located in the gear selector handle. The device operates as follows. By lifting the ring, the driver activates the power supply to the solenoid, which in turn causes the reverse speed control unit to unlock. Access to activating this transfer is now open. When the lever is moved to the required position, the limit switch located on the Lada Kalina transmission housing is activated. This allows you to activate the rear brake lights and an audible warning signal sent through the interior speaker.
Also check out
- Using a paper clip, we close the contacts of the connector from which the wires are lowered under the floor of the car. Try to engage reverse gear. If this works, the switch is broken.
- Disconnect the connector from the solenoid and install 2 pins into it. Use a tester to change the voltage. The device readings should be 12 Volts. It is worth charging it with a light bulb (5 Watt or 12 Watt). If it does not light up, then there is an open circuit, and the voltage arises due to resistance formed due to copper oxide. Very often, breaks and fractures occur on the harness in the place where the clamp is located on the pallet.
- Remove the clamp by pressing its fastenings at the bottom.
- Disconnect the connector from the stop switch and remove the harness. Remove the electrical tape from the corrugation, after which you can remove the wires. In the event of a break or breakage, characteristic signs will be noticeable.
- Use wire cutters to disconnect the wires and connect them of similar cross-section and diameter. The twist should be soldered and insulated (you can use heat shrink). If necessary, put on a new corrugation. This is done so that moisture does not penetrate inside, otherwise it is possible that all the troubles will happen again. The harness should be secured with a plastic clamp.
- Connect the connectors and check the operation of the solenoid. Failure of this element is quite rare. To check it you need to connect a tester. The resistance should be 2.2 Ohm. If the cause of the malfunction lies there, you will need to drain the oil from the box. One option is to quickly block the hole with something and install a new solenoid. In this case, it is important to apply sealant to the threads so that oil does not ooze down the threads during operation.
Repair process
- If reverse gear is lost, the following procedure must be performed. By participating in the circuit of the fuse link “F21”, +12V power is sent to the winding of the solenoid “L1”. There is a switch “S1” in the handle, which closes the ground contact, which causes the solenoid coil to activate.
- The fuse we are interested in is located inside the mounting block and is installed in the eighth socket of the LADA Kalina, if you count from the left. The current strength for this insert is 10A. If suddenly the fuse turns out to be faulty, then replace it with a similar insert with the specified characteristics.
- Next, we check the switch itself. For this purpose, lift the handle cover and find the connector. It is connected directly to the switch. We carefully disconnect.
- We take a regular paper clip and use it to close the corresponding contacts in the connector.
- We make an attempt to engage reverse gear on the LADA Kalina, and when this action was successful, we conclude that the switch is unsuitable. If we fail, then we continue to diligently search for the source of the trouble.
- Remove the solenoid connector and insert two pins into its contact grooves. Now we call for help with a tester, which we use to measure the voltage. The display of the device should display the number 12 (naturally, Volts). We load this local circuit by connecting a light bulb. A 5-watt device will be sufficient. If the lamp refuses to light, then we are dealing with a break. The presence of voltage here can be explained by the presence of resistance resulting from the natural formation of copper oxide.
- In 99 percent of cases of wiring malfunction, expressed in fractures or breaks in the supply wires, the cause is the harness, which is located next to the clamp on the pallet.
- We dismantle this clamp by carefully squeezing its fastening elements.
- Disconnect the rear brake light switch connector. We take out the tourniquet. Remove the insulating tape from the corrugated shell and remove the wires. If there is a break, it can be easily detected.
- Using wire cutters, we pinch off the remains of the damaged wiring and install new wires, which we select with a similar cross-section. We recommend soldering the connecting node itself. Now let's isolate. Alternatively, you can use a new corrugation. Our goal is to prevent moisture penetration during operation.
- We fix the harness with a new plastic clamp.
- We connect the previously removed connectors and turn on the power to the solenoid.
- The presence of a malfunction within the solenoid itself is a rather rare case, but possible. To check, we use the same tester. We measure the resistance at the terminals. Its value should be 2.2 ohms. If it turns out that the solenoid is the culprit, replacing it will require draining the transmission oil. Some dodgers manage to do without draining. After dismantling, they, with a deft movement of their hands, plug the hole with a suitable gag, and before installation, they sharply remove it. A slight loss of oil will still occur, but these crumbs can be topped up without any problems.
- When installing the solenoid on the Lada Kalina, do not forget to lubricate the threaded part with sealing glue, otherwise after a while the oil will begin to treacherously ooze out of the box.
Possible problems
Sometimes it happens that the diagnostics described above were carried out, but the result did not change - the Lada Kalina does not engage reverse gear. Then there are the following possible explanations:
- The spring in the gearbox is damaged.
- The mounting screw has been cut off.
- There is a problem with the gear selection system locking mechanism.
The negative consequences in such situations are that eliminating them will require mandatory removal of the box. This type of debugging requires special knowledge and skills that are not always within the power of a car enthusiast.
What does a solenoid look like on a Kalina Lada Kalina error codes
Replacing the thermostat Lada Kalina
Other reasons
If all of the above manipulations did not lead to the expected result, and the reverse gear disappeared, then it remains to perform a few more testing techniques, namely:
- It is possible that a malfunction has occurred in the fastening mechanism of the gear selection unit. We check and fix it.
- The fixing bolt has received irreparable damage and does not perform its function. We change.
- The spring in the gearbox broke and the reverse gear disappeared.
As you can see, the reasons may be different, but the danger and trouble in these three situations is that it will inevitably be necessary to dismantle the transmission unit itself.
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Transmission
The first reason may be a malfunction in the gearbox itself. Malfunction or wear of components can lead to the speed being knocked out or not turning on.
The most “harsh” method and breakdown is breakdown of the gearbox itself
The first thing you need to pay attention to is gear oil. When it loses its chemical and physical properties, it changes viscosity, which can lead to gear jamming. Read more about choosing gearbox oil for Lada Kalina in this article.
The second reason may be the wear of the internal parts of the gearbox itself. In this case, you will need to dismantle the gearbox and disassemble it. The reason may be wear of the following parts: reverse gear, rear bearing, synchronizer or shift fork. To eliminate the malfunction, it is necessary to replace the part that was demolished.
Clutch
New clutch disc
Another reason why the gear does not engage is the failure of the clutch. This is easy to determine, because when the transmission is depressed, the gear does not engage or engages with a bang. So, it's worth looking at the release bearing or clutch disc. If the diagnostics shows high production, then it is necessary to replace the parts.
