Dismantling and repairing the locking mechanism
About theory.
The solenoid power circuit in the Lada Kalina car includes a switch ring located in the gear selector handle. The device operates as follows. By lifting the ring, the driver activates the power supply to the solenoid, which in turn causes the reverse speed control unit to unlock. Access to activating this transfer is now open. When the lever is moved to the required position, the limit switch located on the Lada Kalina transmission housing is activated. This allows you to activate the rear brake lights and an audible warning signal sent through the interior speaker.
Lada Kalina does not engage reverse gear
On Lada Kalina cars there is an insidious reason that leads to the inability to engage reverse gear. It is interesting that this reason is purely electrical and has nothing to do with mechanics.
Reverse gear on Kalina is engaged by moving the gearshift lever towards you and forward. In this case, you need to lift the plastic ring on the lever. This ring protects the driver from accidentally engaging reverse gear instead of first gear, as often happens on “tens”. This is done using an electric drive - a solenoid.
The solenoid is installed in the transmission and blocks reverse gear from being engaged until the ring on the gear shift lever is lifted. When raised, the reed switch (sealed magnetic switch) in the lever is activated, connects the solenoid power circuit to ground, the solenoid rod is recessed, and the stroke of the gear selection mechanism increases - you can engage the reverse gear.
We will not talk about the advantages and disadvantages of this system. There are two camps of “Kalinovodov”, who are both “for” and “against”. Here we will look at the reasons why problems with electrical locking may arise.
Cable drive gearbox Lada Granta
What could this be or is this normal for this machine? If anyone has the same problem, please share the solution.
What could be the reason? and sometimes the rear one doesn’t engage at all the first time if you press the clutch. There is also a problem with 1st speed.
In this issue of “Technical Environment” we will repair the manual transmission of the Lada Granta. Reason: difficulty engaging second gear.
The automatic transmission also has a button on the mode shift lever with the inscription O/D OFF. When it is turned on, the inclusion is prohibited, increasing the gears of the analogue of the 5th gear of the manual transmission. That is, if your automatic machine has 4 gears for moving forward, then for more dynamic acceleration it will use only three lower gears.
The input shaft 5 is designed as a block of drive gears, which are in constant mesh with the driven gears of all forward gears.
The preload in the bearings 29 (0.25 mm) is adjusted by selecting the thickness of the ring 28 installed in the gearbox housing housing under the outer ring of the differential bearing. The driven gear of the main gear 27 is attached to the differential box flange. This is not only Grant’s problem. The same thing happens on Priors and Kalinas. The reason is that the driven disc on the splines is jammed and the clutch is not released enough.
DISEASE FOR ALL LADA GRANT AND KALINA! The bolts securing the rear support bracket to the crankcase were cut off. Guys, signatures...
These changes forced the developers to change the location of the starter; it is now located along the engine, and not along the box, as before.
Features of repair and maintenance
The car should look good not only from the outside, but also from the inside. In order for the box to please its owner, it must be serviced in a timely manner. Of course, it’s time to fill up the oil, but there are a number of problems that the driver will have to constantly struggle with. And for this you need to know the main “diseases” of the transmission.
All types of mechanics
The manual transmission is reliable, but has a number of significant disadvantages. Gear shifting is not very precise, unlike foreign cars. Also, since the time of the ninth models, the problem of “gearbox rattling” when the second one is turned on has not yet been eliminated.
On the third, the box begins to hum, the rocker is subject to rapid wear, especially on liftback cars.
Robot
The robot uses an electromechanical drive, which quickly wears out when the vehicle is used harshly. Due to the strong pressure on the gas pedal from first gear, the robot, instead of switching to second, jumps to third. Due to such use, the box begins to act up and kick. The robot prefers quiet movement. But if the box starts to kick, you can switch it to manual mode.
Hydraulic automatic
If you service this box on time, it can travel up to 200 thousand km. The fluid needs to be replaced once every 60 thousand km. The hydraulic automatic is very reliable, although many owners complain about it.
Hydraulic automatic transmission
The opinion has been established that automatic machines do not pick up speed well, but they “eat” gasoline well. Most of the troubles with a machine gun are the driver's boorish attitude towards his car. The automatic transmission loves a quiet ride, and when moving “gas to the floor,” the seals may begin to leak. Also, due to careless driving, drivers often puncture the automatic transmission pan, adding work to the service station.
Where is the dipstick located?
To fill the oil, you need to check the contents, but first you need to understand where the dipstick is located. On a manual Lada Granta there is no gearbox dipstick; on an automatic it is located behind the air filter.
Checking the oil level
The oil level in the box can be checked using a dipstick, focusing on the maximum and minimum marks. If the dipstick is missing, then you need to use the overflow tube.
Initially, you need to start the car and warm up the gearbox, and with the engine running, unscrew the cap of the overflow pipe.
If the oil does not flow out, then you need to add it through the filler hole until the oil flows out of the overflow tube.
Is there no way to engage reverse? What are the reasons?
- At the very beginning, you should not rush and frantically dismantle and disassemble such a complex unit as a gearbox if the reverse gear does not engage. You should take a closer look at the shift lever; perhaps the reason is hidden there. The link paired with the cardan in the switching mechanism are quite often the culprits of such a breakdown. There is no way to do without a viewing hole here.
- Among the probable reasons when the reverse speed does not work may be a failed release bearing. However, such a development of events would inevitably lead to the inability to normally engage any gear, and the process itself would be determined by the presence of crunches and difficulties.
- Also, when the reverse gear does not work, the reverse gear locking mechanism on the Lada Kalina may break down. To determine whether there is a malfunction, you will need to remove the shift lever handle and visually inspect this unit.
- There are frequent cases of damage to the wiring that is connected to the solenoids of the reverse stage locking unit. Let's talk about this moment next.
Diagram of the Lada Granta gearbox
The “Grants” gearbox design diagram (section, drawing) will help you understand the principle of operation of a manual transmission:
Gearbox diagram
The “Grants” gearbox design diagram (section, drawing) will help you understand the operating principle of an automatic transmission:
Transmission section
A conventional manual transmission uses 2 gears that are adjacent to each other.
Layout of the Lada Grants gearbox, features of operation and maintenance (usual):
Regular gearbox
Layout of the Lada Grants gearbox, features of operation and maintenance (planetary):
Features of operation and maintenance
When operating a planetary gearbox, internal gearing is used. It consists of at least three gears, the movement of which resembles the rotation of planets.
What gearboxes are the Lada Granta equipped with?
When choosing a car, it is important to pay attention to the type of box. Lada Granta comes with 3 types of gearboxes: automatic, robot and manual. You need to understand the features of each type in order to choose the box for yourself.
All types of mechanics
A manual transmission is the easiest and longest-lasting to use. Its main advantage is ease of maintenance and reliability. Operating the mechanics means being sure that a box failure will not hit your pocket.
Manual transmission for Lada Granta
As a standard, the Lada Grant used a 2180 gearbox, this is an improved version of the 2170 series, from which gears and shafts were left. When developing the Lada Grants gearbox with a cable drive, well-known brands took part in the selection of individual components: Atsumitek, Schaeffler, Hoerbiger. On the Lada Granta gearbox, the gear shift pattern looked like this: the rear gear was located to the left of the first and because of this, drivers, especially after wear, could mistakenly engage the rear instead of the first.
On expensive models, gearbox 2181 is used. Since the gearbox on the Grant has changed, the shift pattern has also undergone changes, now the rear gear is located at the bottom right. It is considered more reliable, switching is smoother. We fixed a popular problem where the shift lever vibrated when engaging third gear.
Robot
The robotic gearbox is considered the most capricious to maintain and is not respected among drivers due to its unreliability. The golden mean between manual and automatic transmissions, which, according to the developers, was supposed to be a real breakthrough in the use of transmissions.
True, the idea and implementation stage showed different results, and so far the technical resource, compared to other checkpoints, leaves much to be desired.
But over time, the robot will be improved and, perhaps, will be able to exceed expectations.
Hydraulic automatic
Servicing an automatic transmission is more expensive than a manual transmission, and it is noticeably inferior in reliability. The operation is suitable for those who are used to quiet movement. Acceleration takes a long time and prefers a gentle driving mode. Fans of fast driving constantly complain about this box, and the whole secret is that when moving quickly, the machine asks to be serviced 2-3 times more often. Due to the operation of the gearbox in hard mode, parts wear out faster.
Why does the Lada Kalina not engage in reverse gear?
To prevent accidental engagement of reverse gear, a reverse gear lock solenoid is installed in the transmission.
When the speed of the car begins to turn on heavily, it not only causes an unpleasant feeling, but also makes the operation of the car unsafe.
At the very beginning, you should not rush and frantically dismantle and disassemble such a complex unit as a gearbox if the reverse gear does not engage. You should take a closer look at the shift lever; perhaps the reason is hidden there. The link paired with the cardan in the switching mechanism are quite often the culprits of such a breakdown.
The second reason is a defect in the gear selection mechanism of the gearbox. And finally, the third is excessive wear of the gearbox synchronizers.
The mileage is already either 100 thousand or 200. I don’t know exactly what was done to it. Those 40-60 thousand that she paid me, I had no other problems.
There are frequent cases of damage to the wiring that is connected to the solenoids of the reverse stage locking unit. During operation, the owners of the domestic Lada Kalina model identified a transmission flaw; reverse gear does not engage. There are several reasons that cause a malfunction of this nature. A modern car is stuffed with electronic devices, one of which can also serve as the initiator of this breakdown.
It was simply impossible to modernize the Granta gearbox itself under current conditions, since this would require new high-precision equipment to produce more advanced shafts, synchronizers and gears.
In this situation, if you have problems shifting gears, it is best to go to a service station.
Rod drive has long been the simplest and cheapest option for changing gears. But most manufacturers have now abandoned this option in favor of designs with multiple rods and complex scenes or in favor of a cable drive.
The cause of the defect may be a defective spring of the ratchet mechanism located in the “interior” tip of the clutch cable. In this case, it should be replaced. And before replacing, you can tighten it after several presses on the clutch pedal so as not to torment the box.
The new gear shift module on Grant is a separate mechanism that, if necessary, can be removed without disassembling the box. The mechanism has a selector grille that clearly follows the gear shift pattern and prevents accidental engagement of reverse gear.
Sometimes changing the transmission oil helps solve the problem of reverse gear. Some LADA owners write that the gearbox began to work normally only after a certain mileage (3000-5000 km). Another reason for poor engagement of reverse gear on a Lada Vesta is moisture getting under the gearshift rod boot (in the engine compartment).
I bought a new one at the end of 2012: the norm is 8kl gearbox cable for 320. Now the mileage is 190t. I drive about 35,000 a year, not a taxi. The check light first came on at 60,000, then went out half a day later (clutch pedal sensor). The second time at 100,000 (the explosive wire burned out). Often broken roads and full load. Oil consumption 500ml...
